by
Petsecure Pet Heath Insurance
| Apr 24, 2011
Heartworm is a potentially life threatening parasitic infection that affects both dogs and cats, among other animals. It appears as thread-like worms that live in the pulmonary arteries and blood vessels that lead from the heart to the lungs.
How is Heartworm transmitted?
Heartworm is transmitted through mosquitoes. Therefore, pets living in humid climates with mosquitoes are more prone to this disease.
Heartworm Disease is caused by larva called Dirofilaria immitis. When a mosquito feeds on an infected animal, these baby worms (larva) migrate in the mosquito for 2-3 weeks. Once an infected mosquito bites another animal, the larva is transmitted to the animal’s skin, eventually making its way to the bloodstream. Here, the larva will migrate for 3-4months making its way to the heart and lungs. While in the heart and lungs the baby worms will grow into adult worms and will lay tiny larvae called microfilaria.
It takes approximately six months for the disease to appear.
What kind of health damage does it cause?
Heartworm disease can be life threatening if not treated. The adult worms can obstruct large blood vessels which can result in heart failure, liver failure and ruptured blood vessels.
Some pets will not show signs of the disease, while others will show signs, only after the damage has already affected the heart.
Symptoms to look for are coughing, heavy breathing, lethargy, unwillingness to exercise, fluid distention of the belly, pulsation of the jugular vein and decreased appetite.
How is Heartworm Disease diagnosed?
Usually a veterinarian will perform blood tests to see if Heartworm Disease is present in the pet’s body, while further testing through EKG or Echocardiogram will determine how severe the disease has progressed.
Forms of testing include:
Heartworm Seroloy which tests for protein in the bloodstream, produced by the worms.
Microfilaria screen detects the baby worms circulating in the bloodstream.
The severity of Heartworm disease can be determined by:
A Complete Physical Exam will detect any signs of the disease.
A Laboratory evaluation will determine how stable your pet’s health is to receive treatment.
Chest X-Rays can also detect the severity of the disease by exposing the Heartworms in the bloodstream, heart and lungs.
A Heart Evaluation includes an echocardiogram which detects enlargement in the heart caused by the worms.
Treatment for your pet
The level of treatment is subject to the severity of the disease present in your pet. In cases where baby worms are found in your pet, the drug treatment is given on an out-patient basis for a 2-3 week period.
In cases where adult worms are present, drug treatment must be done in the clinic as the potency to rid the adult worms can cause toxicity in your pet. Therefore, it’s necessary that your pet is monitored while being treated.
Repeated treatment may be required for both microfilaria and adult worms.
Preventing Heartworm Disease
There are preventative medications to prevent your pet from catching Heartworm Disease, though this medication is usually given on a seasonal basis while testing for the disease should take place annually.
To learn more about Heartworm Disease, visit Petsecure’s Pet Healthipedia at: www.pethealthipedia.com